Fibre optics is one of the most widespread technologies in use today to achieve stable and functional connectivity, despite increasing demand for both bandwidth and security. But as with all other technological advances, fibre optics must commit to sustainability. We mustn’t forget that our energy consumption and our carbon footprint are both factors that directly impact the long-term survival of our technological developments and our advances as a species, without compromising on functionality and resource consumption.

Why fibre optics is a sustainable technology

Since the very first experiences of using optical fibre cables as a means of data transmission back in the 1970s, research into new materials hasallowed the progressive use of thinner filaments, ever more robust and durable, without the change of physical media resulting in any loss of quality or signal speed. Thanks to the optical fibre cables currently installed all around us, we can enjoy enormous benefits that have a direct effect on sustainability.

• Energy consumption. Optical fibre cables allow data and information to be transmitted very quickly over long distances with relatively low energy consumption compared to other media and infrastructure.
• Durable materials. Optical fibre cables enjoy a long service life. Their resistance and lower incidence of damage means that no resources are required for maintenance and repairs and, at the same time, this all generates less waste.
• Recycling. Both the silica glass that makes up the optical fibre itself and the polymer coating that protects it can be recycled once the life cycle of a cable is complete. This ensures responsible resource management and energy sustainability in line with current standards.

Fibre optics: an ally of renewables

The technical characteristics of an optical fibre cable and the connectivity capabilities offered make it an important support, even a partner, to other green technologies that can benefit from its various “strengths”. A remotely managed solar power plant or an automated wind farm, for example, would be completely inoperable without the direct impact of fibre optic and its ability to transmit data with low latency.

How to introduce a sustainable fibre optic system?

As with any other infrastructure, optical fibre cables must maintain a series of protocols and good practices in order to respect demanding sustainability criteria. Although circumstantial aspects will vary in each case, the following must be taken into account in more or less any installation:

• Efficient planning. The greater the detail included in prior planning, the shorter the time required for commissioning the entire facility, and both material and human resources can be used much more rationally.

• Sustainable materials. Optical fibre isn’t generally spread out above ground. Typically, it needs to be buried or else laid under the ocean. Where building materials or supportive infrastructure are required, it’s recommended to opt for as many sustainable materials as possible. 
• Recycling. Implementing recycling and reuse programmes for fibre optic components can significantly reduce waste. This includes collecting and recycling cables and other end-of-life materials.

• Education. Awareness and training on sustainability issues isn’t beyond the scope of application when talking about fibre optic technology. Employees, the Technology community and the general public should all be able to pair the benefits of this technology with training and awareness of positive consumption habits and responsible resource management.

Fibre optics and how it interacts with other technologies, such as artificial intelligence or the Internet of Things, for example, can have a significant influence on technological development, without inflicting irreparable damage on the environment or contributing to climate change.